现代化与城市“安宁空间”的重塑

Modernization and Transformation of Space for Dealing with Death

传统上,城市社会中"安宁空间"①,包括去世地点、殡仪空间和墓地空间,主要使用"私人性空间",其背后主要的思维方式和言说方式是"礼制话语"和"风水话语"。在现代化的大背景下,自晚清民国以来,城市社会"安宁空间"逐渐走向公共化和专门化。在这个漫长的过程中,因为科学知识和话语的出现,国家法律法规的更新,以及城市改造等具有现代化性质的实践活动,殡舍、义冢等传统类型的"安宁空间"逐渐消亡,现代医院、殡仪馆、火葬场、公墓等新型安宁空间得到提倡、推广和建设。由此,城市社会"安宁空间"获得重塑。

Traditionally, in the urban society context, the "rest-in-peace space" includes the location of death, of funeral and of grave. It mainly serves the concept of "personal space" with the assistance from "ritual discourse" and "Fengshui discourse". In modern times, death is socially dealt with in public space rather than in private space in the city since the late Qing dynasty. During this process, a new type of modern discourse, scientific discourse, has been adopted which contend against traditional discourse. Laws and regulations concerning funeral and interment space have gradually replaced traditional ones. Hospital, funeral parlor, crematorium and cemetery have been accepted by the government and citizens instead of the traditional "rest-in-peace space" such as "Bin She" and "Yi Zhong". In this way, "rest-in-peace space" has been reshaped.