话语标记“不审”的演化历程及语用功能

The Evolution and Pragmatic Features of the Discourse Marker “Bushen”

否定认知结构"不审"从表示"不知道"义的偏正结构发展成为传疑索答的话语标记,演化过程中其真值语义逐渐丢失,产生了主观情态义和交互主观性,并最终在佛门语言内部凝固成了一个动词。典型语境中的话语标记"不审"具有间接求解和委婉表达功能,常用于下对上的谈话场合,具有消极主观化特征。"不审"话语功能的实现基于交际中的礼貌原则和合作原则。

The negative cognitivepattern "bushen"has been evolved into discourse marker with the function to ask and get answer from a"Neg+verb" structure with the literal meaning of "I don’t know".During this evolution, its semantic truth value has been gradually reduced, and the epistemics and intersubjectivity produced, finally evolved into a verb in Buddhism terms. The discourse marker "bushen"in typical contextpossesses the function of asking indirectly and using as euphemism. It is often used on such an occasion that the speaker talks with someone higher in social rank, with the negative subjective feature. The realization mechanism was based on politeness principle and cooperative principle in communication.