祖辈隔代教养对幼儿性别角色发展的影响

The impacts of grandparenting on the development of preschool children’s gender roles

目的考察祖辈隔代教养及相关因素对幼儿性别角色发展的影响。方法采用问卷法对湖州某幼儿园两个园区的12个班级、共180名幼儿及主要教养人进行调研。结果①幼儿性别角色分布多元化,占比最高的是双性化性别角色(34.2%),其次是未分化性别角色(32.5%),同时有5.8%的幼儿出现性别角色错位。②祖辈隔代教养时间和类型对幼儿性别角色和性别特征有影响(P<0.05):相对祖辈平均每周教养4天以下的幼儿,祖辈每周参与教养5~7天的幼儿,其性别角色多呈现未分化现象、同时多表现出女性化特征;相对于工作日晚上、工作日白天、只在周末参与教养,祖辈天天参与教养的幼儿性别角色未分化现象和双性化表现最突出。结论祖辈隔代教养对幼儿的性别角色具有显著影响。

Objective To investigate the influence of intergenerational parenting and related factors on the development of preschool children’s gender roles.Methods A total of 180 children in 12 classes in two divisions of a kindergarten in Huzhou and their main custodians were investigated by questionnaire.Results 1)The distribution of gender roles of preschool children was diversified,with the highest proportion being bisexual gender roles(34.2%),followed by undifferentiated gender roles(32.5%),while 5.8%showed gender role dislocation.2)The time and type of grandparenting had a significant influence on children s gender roles and gender characteristics(P<0.05):compared with children with an average grandparenting time of less than 4 days per week,children with grandparenting time of 5-7 days a week showed more undifferentiated gender roles and female characteristics;and compared with the children with grandparenting in the evening or during the day on weekdays,or only on weekends,the children with grandparenting every day showed more undifferentiated gender roles and bisexual gender roles.Conclusions Grandparenting had a significant influence on preschool children’s gender roles and characteristics.