高放核废料磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化研究进展

Research Progress of Immobilization of High-Level Nuclear Waste by Using Phosphate Glass-Ceramics

磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷是固化“难溶”核废料的优异基材,具有高的废料包容量和优异的稳定性,因而,磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化是高放核废料固化处理的重要研究方向之一。本文简要综述了高放核废料磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体的类型、固化机理、固化体设计、稳定性及其制备,并对其研究做了展望。其今后研究方向主要包括:(1)磷酸盐玻璃固化体的中长期化学稳定性、蚀变规律和抗腐蚀机制的研究;关注其物理性能、热稳定性和辐照稳定性;(2)磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体的简洁制备工艺技术及其工艺原理,及其对设备和电极的侵蚀和寿命的影响。

Phosphate based glass-ceramic,having high waste loading and excellent chemical durability,is an excellent matrix for immobilizing“insoluble”nuclear waste.Therefore,immobilization of high-level nuclear waste by using phosphate based glass-ceramics is one of the important methods.In this paper,the types of phosphate glass-ceramic wasteforms,mechanism of immobilization,design and stability of phosphate based glass-ceramic wasteforms and their preparation methods were briefly summarized.Moreover,their research trends were prospected.The main research trends include:(1)the medium-and long-term chemical durability,corrosion laws and corrosion mechanism,and the physical properties,irradiation resistance and thermal stability of phosphate glass-ceramic wasteforms;(2)the simple preparation technologies for synthesizing phosphate glass-ceramic wasteforms and their principles,and their influence on the erosion and life span of equipment and electrodes.