大豆耐盐碱种质资源鉴定

Identification of saline-alkali tolerant germplasm resources of soybean during the whole growth stage

盐碱胁迫伴随作物生长各个阶段,筛选获得全生育期耐盐碱大豆资源意义重大。试验通过测定大庆地区盐碱土含盐碱种类、含盐量及pH值等指标,确定筛选用盐碱种类、浓度。在培养皿、发芽袋和盆栽试验筛选中,通过大豆芽期发芽率、芽苗期物质生长量、成熟期物质生长量鉴定耐盐碱大豆种质。结果显示大庆地区盐碱土壤为硫酸盐苏打盐碱土,确定盐碱溶液为NaCl、Na_(2)CO_(3)、NaHCO_(3)和Na_(2)SO_(4)(摩尔比为1∶1∶9∶9)的混合盐碱溶液,以Na离子含量计算总盐浓度为80 mmol·L^(-1),溶液pH值为8.9,盆栽筛选用土壤盐含量为3.3‰,pH值为8.9。鉴定的887份种质资源中种皮颜色有黑、褐、红、绿、黄及双色等,相关性分析发现大豆耐盐碱性与大豆种皮颜色极显著正相关。通过芽期耐盐碱鉴定,887份大豆资源中筛选获得296份耐以上资源,进一步芽苗期筛选有123份显示高耐,再经过全生育期筛选获得7份高耐资源,5份来源于南方,2份来源于黄淮,62份耐资源,盆栽筛选比例为56.10%。本研究建立了从芽期、芽苗期到全生育期的逐级筛选方法,从887份大豆种质资源中筛选获得69份耐盐碱资源,为耐盐碱育种与耐盐碱基因资源利用提供基础材料。

Saline-alkali stress always exists in all stages of crop,and it is of great significance to screen saline alkali tolerant soybean resources in the whole growth period.The salt species,salt content and pH value of saline alkali soil in Daqing area were firstly measured,then the salt species and concentration of salt for screening were de⁃termined.In culture dish,germination bag and pot screening experiment,the salinealkali tolerance of soybean was evaluated by the germination rate,the amount of matter at seedling stage and the dry matter weight at maturity stage.The results showed that the soil in Daqing area was sulfate soda saline-alkali soil,and the saline alkali solution is the mixed saline alkali solution of NaCl,Na_(2)CO_(3),NaHCO_(3) and Na_(2)SO_(4)(molar ratio is 1:1:9:9),and the total salt concentration calculated by Na ion content is 80 mmol·L^(-1),and the pH value of the solution is 8.9.Therefore,the salt content and pH value of soil in pot experiment were 3.3‰and 8.9,respectively.Among the 887 soybean cultivars identified,the seed coat colors were black,brown,red,green,yellow and double color,and the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between salt tolerance and seed coat color of soybean.296 tolerance soybean cultivars were selected from 887 soybean resources in germination stage,and 123 cultivars among 296 cultivars were identified as high resistance in germination and seedling stage,furthermore 7 resistant soybeans,including 5 from South China,2 from Huanghuai,and 62 tolerant soybeans were obtained in the whole growth stage,and the proportion of pot screening was 56.10%.This study established a stepwise screening method from germination stage,seedling stage to the whole growth stage,and 69 salt and alkali resistant resources were se⁃lected from 887 soybean germplasm resources,which provided material basis for salt tolerance breeding and utiliza⁃tion of salt tolerant gene resources.