油莎豆主要营养成分及生理功能研究进展

Research progress on the main nutritional components and physiological functions of tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus L.)

油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus L.),又称虎坚果,沙草科莎草属多年生草本植物。油莎豆具有适应性广、生长期短、生物量大、含油量高等优势特性。油莎豆茎叶可做青贮饲料,块茎可生吃或熟吃,此外,油莎豆还可用来榨油,榨油后的油饼可用来做饲料。因此油莎豆作为一种集粮、油、牧、饲于一体的新兴农作物,具有较高的经济价值和开发潜力。为了深入了解油莎豆,促进油莎豆资源的高值化利用和研究,本文综述了油莎豆中油脂、蛋白和多糖等主要营养成分的研究进展,详细阐述了油莎豆降血脂、降血糖、抗氧化和保肝等生理功能,并就其市场规模和科学研究前景进行了展望。

Tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus L.,TN),is a perennial herb of Cyperus Linn.It has the advantages of wide adaptability,short growth period,large biomass and high oil content.Stems and leaves of TN can be used as silage,and tubers of TN can be eaten raw or cooked.Noteworthily,TN can be used for oil production,and the cake can be further applied for feed.Therefore,as a new crop,TN integrates food,oil and fodder as a whole and has high economic value and development potential.In order to deeply understand TN and promote its high-value utilization,the research progress of the main nutrients such as oil,protein and polysaccharide in TN were summarizd.The physiological functions of TN in reducing blood lipid,lowering blood glucose,antioxidantion and protecting liver were expounded in detail.Moreover,the market scale and scientific research prospect were forecasted.