美国非裔文学种族越界心理探秘

Psychological Exploration of Racial Passing in African American Literature

美国非裔文学所描写的种族越界心理主要涉及黑白混血儿和白人在种族越界中表现出来的心理状态,种族越界者通常会成为被黑人和白人两个种族都排斥的"他者"。出于对白人生活的向往,白肤混血儿故意隐瞒自己的血统,否定自我,逃避种族主义的歧视和迫害,以获得更高的社会地位、经济地位、种族地位,满足自己被法律或习俗压抑的虚荣心。白肤混血儿"越界"到白人社会后通常会遭受生育焦虑和精神折磨,消解不了文化失根的自卑感。美国白人种族越界的动因源于白人对黑人的双重剥削、生存解困和猎奇心理,这不但讽刺了美国种族主义血统论,而且还抨击了种族偏见的非理性和荒谬性。

In African American literature, the description of the psyche of passing is mainly involved with mulattos’ racial passing and whites’ racial passing. The people who have passed into another ethnic group are usually treated as the Other excluded by both blacks and whites. Due to their desire for white life, white-skinned mulattos deliberately cover their African heritage and deny themselves to evade the persecution and discrimination of racists, thus attaining higher social, economic and racial positions and satisfying their vanity repressed by law or customs. After their successful passing, white-skinned female mulattos, beset with birth anxiety and psychic torture, feel hard to overcome their self-abasement caused by cultural rootlessness. The racial passing of American whites is motivated by their double exploitation of black women, their overcome of survival crisis and their curiosity about black culture and sex, which not only ridicules the racist theory of bloodline in America, but denounces the unreasonableness and absurdity of race prejudice.