巫鬼文化与中国现代启蒙作家的审美探索

Research on the Witch and Ghost Culture and Aesthetic Exploration of Chinese Modern Enlightenment Writers

在"五四""唯科学主义"和理性主义至上的时期,古老原始的巫鬼文化被视为反现代性的文化遭到了启蒙者否定性的批判。但是,巫鬼文化中丰富的意象符号、人与物的交感作用、人鬼不分、生死合一的互渗,启示了中国现代启蒙作家关注到启蒙理性之外的感性、非理性,它们给文学创作带来了艺术创新的动力和隐喻式、情感性、神秘性的审美思维。中国现代启蒙作家面对文学的启蒙和文学的审美需要相互纠缠的矛盾心理,体现了启蒙理性给作家创作造成的压抑与巫鬼文化影响下作家主体审美探索的反压抑。

In the period when “Scientism” in the “May Fourth Movement” and Rationalism dominated, the ancient and primitive witch and ghost culture was regarded as anti-modern culture, which was negatively criticized by the enlightened. However, the abundant imagery symbols, the interaction between humans and things, the interpenetration of humans and ghosts, life and death in witch and ghost culture enlightened Chinese modern enlightenment writers to focus on the sensibility and irrationality outside the rationality. They brought the innovative motivation of art and metaphorical, emotional and mysterious aesthetic thinking to literature creation. When Chinese modern enlightenment writers faced the entanglement of literature enlightenment and aesthetic appreciation, the repression of enlightenment rationality on writer’s creation and anti-repression of writers in aesthetic appreciation exploration under in influence of witch and ghost culture were reflected.