血液净化中心护士工作应激源的现况调查及影响因素分析

Investigation and Analysis of Influencing Factors on Stress Sources of Nurses in Blood Purification Center

目的调查上海市17家血液净化中心护士工作应激源的现况及影响因素,为促进血液净化中心护士的身心健康提供参考依据。方法采用一般情况调查表和中国护士应激源量表(CNSS)对上海市17家血液净化中心共261名护士进行问卷调查,共回收有效问卷246份,有效回收率为94.25%。结果护士工作应激源得分为(306.2±75.68)分,6个维度中得分从高到低依次是,与工作性质有关的应激源(67.9±16.72)分,与工作负荷有关的应激源(56.8±13.70)分,与患者有关的应激源(47.8±12.86)分,与护士工作期望有关的应激源(46.7±12.10)分,与人际关系有关的应激源(38.96±11.27)分,与家庭有关的应激源(35.98±10.53)分,性别、年龄、护理工作年限、选择护理专业的原因、身体状况、医院性质是血液净化中心护士工作应激源的影响因素。结论上海市血液净化中心护士压力值处于中等水平,其中与工作性质及工作负荷有关的问题最高,建议护理管理者改革岗位工作模式,增强团队凝聚力。亟需医院护理管理者关注血液净化中心护士的福利待遇,提高其工作稳定性;加强护士专科知识的储备与学习,增强其临床应对与处置能力;加强职业防护知识的培训与考核,增加防护设备,降低护士感染风险。

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of working stress of nurses in 17 blood purification centers in Shanghai,and to provide reference for promoting the physical and mental health of nurses in blood purification centers.Methods A total of 261 nurses from 17 blood purification centers in Shanghai were investigated by using the general situation questionnaire and the Chinese nurse stressor scale(CNSS).Results The stress source score of nurses was:(306.2±75.68),from the highest score to the lowest score in the six dimensions,namely,stressors related to the nature of work(67.9±16.72),stressors related to workload(56.8±13.70),stressors related to patients(47.8±12.86),stressors related to nurses’job expectations(46.7±12.10),stressors related to interpersonal relationship(38.96±11.27),and stressors related to family(35.98±10.53).Gender,age,nursing work years,reasons for choosing nursing specialty,physical condition and hospital nature were the influencing factors of blood purification nurses’work stress.Conclusion The pressure of nurses in Shanghai blood purification center is at a medium level,among which the problems related to the nature of work and workload are the highest.It suggests that the managers should reform the post work mode to enhance team cohesion.It is urgent for nursing hospital managers to pay attention to the welfare of nurse in blood purification centers and improve their job stability.Strengthen the reserve and learning of nurses’specialized knowledge,and enhance their clinical response and disposal ability.Strengthen the training and examination of the knowledge of occupational protection,increase the protective equipment and reduce the risk of infection of nurses.