稻田生态种养对土壤性质影响研究进展

Progress on effects of ecological planting and rearing on soil properties in rice fields

稻田生态种养是新型的种植业与养殖业有机结合的生产模式,具有减肥减药、增加收益、提高土壤肥力、改善水体环境等多种功能,不仅可以提升水稻的产量和质量,还能提高农民种粮的积极性,同时兼顾稻田生态环境保护。通过对国内外稻田综合种养相关研究进行梳理,通过总结虾稻、鱼稻、蟹稻3种共作模式对稻田土壤的影响以及稻田综合种养在土壤理化性质、水体环境、微生物多样性等方面的优势。与水稻单作种植模式相比,稻田综合种养模式能提高稻田的土壤质量、水质、土壤微生物活性和丰富土壤微生物多样性,还可以减少化肥、农药、杀虫剂的使用,降低温室气体的排放量,以及提高稻田的生态效益和经济效益。

Comprehensive rice cultivation is a production mode that combines planting and breeding.It has multiple functions such as reducing weight and reducing drugs,increasing benefits,improving soil fertility,and improving water environment.It not only improves the yield and quality of rice,but also improves the farmers'enthusiasm for planting rice,while taking into account the protection of the ecological environment of the rice field.Through combing the related researches on the comprehensive cultivation of rice fields at home and abroad,the impact of three polyculture modes of shrimp and rice polyculture,fish and rice polyculture and crab rice polyculture on rice fields as well as the advantages of integrated rice cultivation in terms of soil physical and chemical properties,water environment,and microbial diversity are summarized.Compared with the rice single-cropping system,the integrated rice field system can improve the soil quality,water quality,soil microbial activity,and enrich the soil microbial diversity.It can also reduce the use of chemical fertilizers,pesticides,and pesticides and reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as improve the ecological and economic benefits of rice fields.