不同副产物基质配方对食用菌产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Byproduct Formula on Yield and Quality of Edible Fungi

【目的】探明皇竹草及中药渣、白酒酒糟等副产物原料在香菇和灵芝等食用菌栽培原料中应用的可行性及适宜添加量,为拓展食用菌菌材来源途径提供参考。【方法】采用单因素试验,研究皇竹草及中药渣、白酒酒糟等副产物原料替代部分香菇和灵芝生产常规配方中的栽培原料阔叶树木屑(占栽培料总量的78%),即香菇用皇竹草(20%~60%)+中药渣(5%~15%)+白酒酒糟(5%),灵芝用皇竹草(10%~50%)+中药渣(5%~25%)+白酒酒糟(5%)替代部分阔叶树木屑的不同基质配方对香菇和灵芝菌丝生长、子实体产量及品质(多糖)的影响。【结果】香菇和灵芝在不同添加副产物基质上均能正常生长,香菇和灵芝的菌丝生长速率、子实体产量和子实体粗多糖含量分别依次为4.5~8.4 mm/d、280.9~457.9 g、10.31~13.82 g/100 g和3.2~5.6 mm/d、118.5~372.4 g、1.55~2.97 g/100 g;香菇的优选配方为皇竹草30%+阔叶树木屑38%+中药渣15%+白酒酒糟5%+麦麸10%+红糖1%+石膏1%,在此条件下菌丝生长速率为6.0 mm/d,与CK差异不显著,子实体袋均产量为457.9 g,子实体粗多糖含量为13.82 g/100 g,较CK分别提高8.4%和28.7%;灵芝最佳配方为皇竹草40%+阔叶树木屑33%+中药渣10%+白酒酒糟5%+麦麸10%+糖1%+石膏1%,此时子实体袋均产量与CK相近,达368.2 g,菌丝生长速率为4.9 mm/d,子实体粗多糖含量为2.97 g/100 g,较CK分别提高14.0%和58.8%。【结论】皇竹草及中药渣、白酒酒糟等副产物可替代部分常规配方中阔叶树木屑在香菇和灵芝等食用菌栽培原料中应用,可降低香菇和灵芝的生产成本,提高生产效率及子实体品质。

【Objective】The feasibility and appropriate addition of byproduct materials such as Pennisetum hydridum,Chinese medicine residue and distiller’s grains in cultivation of Lentinula edodes and Ganoderma lingzhi are explored,which provides reference for expanding sources of raw materials.【Method】With single factor,the effect of different hyproduct formulars,including P.hydridum(20%-60%)+Chinese medicine residue(5%-15%)+distiller’s grains(5%)and P.hydridum(10%-50%)+Chinese medicine residue(5%-25%)+distiller’s grains(5%),which were used to partially replace broadleaf sawdust(accounting for 78%of the total cultivation materials)in cultivation of L.edodes and G.lingzhi,on the mycelial growth,fruiting body yield and quality of polysaccharide were studied.【Result】Two kinds of edible fungi could grow normally on different substrate with byproducts.The mycelial growth rate,fruiting body yield and polysaccharide content of fruiting body of L.edodes and G.lingzhi were 4.5-8.4 mm/d,280.9-457.9 g,10.31-13.82 g/100 g,3.2-5.6 mm/d,118.5-372.4 g,1.55-2.97 g/100 g,respectively.The optimal formula of L.edodes was 30%of P.hydridum+38%of broadleaf sawdust+15%of Chinese medicine residue+5%of distiller’s grains+10%of wheat bran+1%of brown sugar+1%of gypsum.By this formula,the growth rate of mycelia was 6.0 mm/d which was not significantly different from CK,and the average yield was 457.9 g,the polysaccharide content was 13.82 g/100 g,which increased by 8.4%and 28.7%compared with CK,respectively.The optimal formula of G.lingzhi was 40%of P.hydridum+33%of broadleaf sawdust+10%of Chinese medicine residue+5%of distiller’s grains+10%of wheat bran+1%of sugar+1%of gypsum.Under this condition,the average yield similar to CK was 368.2 g,and the growth rate of mycelia was 4.9 mm/d,the polysaccharide content was 2.97 g/100 g,which increased by 14.0%and 58.8%,respectively,compared with CK.【Conclusion】The byproducts of P.hydridum,Chinese medicine residue and distiller’s grains could partially replace the broadleaf sawdust in the cultivation of edible fungi such as L.edodes and G.lingzhi,which reduced the production cost,improved the production efficiency and the quality of fruiting body.