8种除草剂对云南蓖麻田间杂草防除及产量的影响

Effects of 8 Herbicides on Control of Weeds in Yunnan Castor(Ricinus communis L.)Fields and Its Production Characters

【目的】解决蓖麻田间杂草防治的技术难题,筛选适用于蓖麻的田间除草剂,为除草剂在云南蓖麻田的安全高效使用提供依据。【方法】本研究通过8种除草剂处理对云南蓖麻田间农药的安全性调查和蓖麻生理指标检测,同时分别评价播前或苗后田间除草剂施用对蓖麻生育期和农艺性状、产量的影响。【结果】蓖麻田播前施用480 g/L氟乐灵3240 g/hm^(2)后蓖麻株高降低,同时处理14 d后蓖麻叶片的SPAD(叶绿素含量)降低,这类土壤封闭除草剂无法满足云南蓖麻田间的生产需要;苗期和现蕾期之间施用砜嘧磺隆14 d后不影响蓖麻功能叶的SPAD值、株高和成活率;25%砜嘧磺隆90 g/hm^(2)+45%精喹禾灵62 g/hm^(2)不仅防除蓖麻田间杂草效果最佳,而且蓖麻主穗位高、单株有效穗数、主穗蒴果数、小区产量(主穗)和增产率比喷施清水(CK)显著提高。【结论】苗后单独施用砜密磺隆,不足以高效防除云南蓖麻田间的多种杂草危害。砜嘧磺隆和精喹禾灵除草剂混用可提升蓖麻的主要农艺性状和产量表现。砜密磺隆在蓖麻田间苗后防除杂草具有良好的应用前景。

【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to solve the technical problems of weed control and screen out the best herbicides for providing a basis for the safe and efficient use of herbicide in Yunnan castor fields.【Method】Eight kinds of herbicide treatments were studied by detecting physiological indexes and the safety of the field survey,at the same time evaluating the use of herbicides influence on castor growth period,agronomic traits and yield.【Result】The experiment results showed that the plant height of castor and functional leaf SPAD(chlorophyll content)of the treatment group of 480 g/L trifluralin with dosage of ingredient 3240 g/hm^(2) decreased for 14 days after spraying the herbicide.Therefore,the use of soil-sealed herbicide could not meet the production needs in Yunnan.The plant height and SPAD for 14 days after using 25%rimsulfuron between the seeding stage and the budding stage of castor were not affected,and using 25%rimsulfuron with the dosage of ingredient 90 g/hm^(2)+45%quizalofop-P-ethy with dosage of ingredient 62 g/hm^(2) not only had the best weed control effect in the fields,but also the main spike height,effective raceme number of single plant,main spike capsules,area yield(main spike),yield increase rate of castor were significantly higher than those of the control group.【Conclusion】Rimsulfuron alone after seedling is not enough to effectively control various weeds in Yunnan castor fields.Mixed rimsulfuron and quizalofop-P-ethyl together can improve the main agronomic characters and yield performance of castor.Rimsulfuron has a good application prospect in weed control of Yunnan castor fields after seedling.