树冠不同部位疏果对早熟温州蜜柑果实发育及品质的影响

Effects of Thinning Different Parts of Crown on Fruit Development and Quality of Early-maturing Citrus‘Okitus wase’

【目的】探索不同冠层简易疏果法对云南早熟柑橘果实品质的影响,为提升早熟柑橘果实品质的栽培技术创新提供理论依据。【方法】以早熟柑橘品种‘兴津早生’为试材,树冠平均分成上、中和下三部分,设计疏去树冠部位上部的果、疏去树冠部位下部的果以及不疏果(CK)3个处理,研究分析果实的发育、采收后的品质以及疏果后树体碳水营养变化。【结果】与不疏果(CK)处理相比,不同冠层疏果处理对果实发育影响不同。下部疏果横纵径发育始终优于不疏果(CK)处理;上部疏果和不疏果处理果实偏扁圆,下部疏果果实近圆形。果实成熟时,上部疏果和下部疏果可溶性固形物、糖酸比显著高于不疏果(CK)处理,滴定酸含量略有下降;下部疏果果皮亮度和黄色度显著高于不疏果(CK)处理,绿色度减少。疏果后根部碳水化合物总体表现先下降后上升的趋势,采果后的10月下旬下部疏果根的可溶性总糖和淀粉含量显著高于不疏果(CK)处理。【结论】树冠下部疏果,显著促进了果实的生长,改善着色,提高了果实的品质并且增加树体营养。

【Objective】The aim of the paper was to explore the effects of simple fruit thinning methods for different canopy on the quality of early ripening citrus fruits in Yunnan,and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the cultivation techniques of early ripening citrus fruits.【Method】Using the early-ripening citrus variety‘Okitus wase’as the test material,the tree crown was evenly divided into three parts:upper part,middle part and lower part.Three treatments were designed:thinning the upper part of the tree crown(T1),thinning the lower part of the tree crown(T2)and non thinning(CK),to analyze the fruit development,post-harvest quality and changes in tree carbohydrate nutrition after fruit thinning.【Result】Compared with the control,different canopy thinning treatments had different effects on fruit development.The development of transverse and longitudinal diameter of T2 was always better than that of CK;The fruits of T1 and CK were flat and round,and the fruits of T2 were nearly round.When the fruits were mature,the ratio of soluble solids and sugar to acid in T1 and T2 were significantly higher than that of CK,while their titrated acid content decreased slightly;The brightness and yellowness of peels in T2 were significantly higher than those of CK,while its the greenness was lower.After fruit thinning,the overall root carbohydrate decreased first and then increased.The contents of total soluble sugar and starch in the root of T2 were significantly higher than that of CK in late October after fruit picking.【Conclusion】Thinning fruit in the lower part of the canopy will significantly promote fruit growth,improve coloring,enhance fruit quality and increase tree nutrition.