长江流域重要支流赤水河上游植物资源特征

Characteristics of Plant Resources on Upper Reaches of Chishui River,Important Tributary of Yangtze River Basin

【目的】探讨长江流域重要支流赤水河上游的植物资源分类,阐明其基本特征,为该区植物资源利用及生态恢复提供科学依据。【方法】在对研究区进行大范围踏查的基础上,根据植物群落类型与分布,采用典型样地法取样,于研究区内设置35个样方,采用群落学调查方法,对样方内植物资源进行调查和统计与分析。【结果】共调查到植物257种,隶属于180属、79科,其中以蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Poaceae)等为主;区内以种子植物为主,共237种,多年生草本植物占据主要生活型,生长型以落叶阔叶灌木、乔木为主,灌木、草本、藤本和蕨类植物的生活习性整体偏耐阴性,乔木以喜光性为主,反映了物种竞争过程中对光照等生境因子的适应机制;区内种子植物占总数的97.47%,裸子植物仅占2.53%;双子叶植物共198种,占总数的85.71%;落叶阔叶乔木、常绿阔叶乔木、针叶乔木分别占总数的68.18%、24.24%和7.58%;植物花期多集中于春季,达92种,果期集中于秋季,达84种;区内植物资源利用途径尤为丰富,具有较高的药用、观赏、食用等价值。【结论】赤水河上reaches游植物群落处于正向演替且处于演替后期阶段,主要通过落叶的形式来适应生境胁迫;建议培育针阔混交林来提升生态系统服务功能。

【Objective】The plant resources on the upper reaches of Chishui River,an important tributary of the Yangtze River basin,are classified and their basic characteristics are clarified to provide the scientific basis for plant resources utilization and biological restoration in the area.【Method】35 quadrats are selected by a typical sample plot method according to type and distribution of plant resources based on the results of widespread survey.The plant resources in quadrats are investigated and statistically analyzed by using a community survey method.【Result】There are 257 species,180 genera,79 families,and Rosaceae,Compositae and Poaceae are dominant families in the area.237 species belong to spermatophyte.Perennial herbs occupy main life form but deciduous broad-leaf shrubs and trees belong to growth form mainly.The life habit of shrub herb,liana and fern plants is partial shade tolerance overall and tree is photophilous plant,which indicates that species have the adaptive mechanism to light habitat factor during the competition process.The spermatophyte and gymnosperm species account for 97.47%and 2.53%of total species respectively.There are 198 dicotyledonous plants,accounting for 85.71%of total species.Deciduous broad-leaved tree,evergreen broad-leaved tree and coniferous tree accounts for 68.18%,24.24%and 7.58%of total species respectively.The flower season of 94 species is in spring and the fruiting season of 84 species is in autumn.The plant resources with the higher medicinal,ornamental and edible value have the abundant utilization ways in the area.【Conclusion】The plant communities on the upper reaches of Chishui river is in the late stage of succession with the positive succession and the plants adapt to habitat stress by the form of deciduous leav es mainly.The ecosystem service function should be promoted by fostering coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests in the area.