孕前体质指数及妊娠期体重增长与妊娠糖尿病发病率的相关性

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Weight Gain During Pregnancy and the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes

目的:探究孕前体质指数(BMI)、孕早期体重增长与妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的关系。方法:选取2019年2月至2020年10月期间在本院孕检的140例孕24~28周孕妇作为研究对象,根据是否患有妊娠期糖尿病分为GDM组和非GDM组。记录两组孕妇的孕前BMI和妊娠早期体重增长情况,分析其与GDM发病率的关系。结果:经OGTT筛查,GDM组孕妇33例,非GDM组孕妇107例。不同BMI的GDM发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=67.613,P<0.001),BMI≥28.0kg/m2时GDM发生率最高(86.67%),孕早期不同体重增加与GDM发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.634,P=0.022),体重增加>5kgGDM发病率最高(36.73%)。BMI、体重增长均为GDM的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。BMI、体重增长均与GDM发病率存在相关性(r=-0.417、-0.212,P<0.05)。结论:孕前体质指数≥28/m2使孕妇发生GDM的几率增加,同时孕早期体重增加>5kg也会增加GDM发病率,因此管理孕前BMI及孕期增重可降低妊娠期糖尿病的发生,降低妊娠合并症/并发症的发生,保障母婴安全。

Objective:To explore the relationship between body mass index(BMI)in early pregnancy,weight gain during pregnancy and the incidence of gestational diabetes(GDM).Methods:A total of 140 pregnant women with 24-28 weeks gestation during pregnancy check-ups in our hospital from February 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the research subjects,and they were divided into GDM group and non-GDM group according to whether they had gestational diabetes.The BMI and weight gain during pregnancy of the two groups of pregnant women were recorded,and the relationship between them and the incidence of GDM was analyzed.Results:After OGTT screening,there were 33 pregnant women in the GDM group and 107 pregnant women in the non-GDM group.There is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of GDM with different BMIs(χ^(2)=67.613,P<0.001),the incidence of GDM is highest when BMI≥28.0kg/m 2(86.67%).There is a statistical difference in the incidence of different weight gains and GDM in the first trimester(χ^(2)=7.634,P=0.022),and the incidence of weight gain>5 kg GDM was the highest(36.73)%.BMI and weight gain are independent risk factors for GDM(P<0.05).BMI and weight gain were correlated with the incidence of GDM(r=-0.417,-0.212,P<0.05).Conclusion:Pre-pregnancy body mass index≥28/m 2 increases the risk of GDM in pregnant women.At the same time,weight gain in the first trimester>5kg will increase the incidence of GDM.Therefore,management of pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy can reduce the occurrence of gestational diabetes and reduce pregnancy complications.The occurrence of complications ensures the safety of mothers and babies.