旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻生长、产量与经济收益的影响

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Rice Growth,Yield and Economy Profits under Dry Farming Conditions

为探讨旱作条件下减量施用氮肥对水稻生长、产量及经济收益的效应,以水稻品种美香粘为材料,设置常规淹水施氮(216kg·hm^(−2),CK)、旱作施氮(216kg·hm^(−2),H0)、旱作减氮10%(194.4kg·hm^(−2),H10)、旱作减氮20%(172.8kg·hm^(−2),H20)、旱作减氮40%(129.6kg·hm^(−2),H40)5个处理,研究不同水分条件和氮肥减施对水稻株高、叶面积、分蘖数、产量等的影响。结果表明,在旱作条件下,水稻株高随氮肥减施量的增加而降低,减施10%处理降幅最小(2.70%),差异不显著;减施40%处理降幅最大(19.92%),差异显著。氮肥减施抑制叶面积扩展,随着氮肥减施量的增加,叶面积减小,其中减施10%处理下降8.98%,差异不显著;减施40%处理下降30.32%,差异显著。氮肥减施使分蘖数明显减少,减施越多,分蘖数下降越多,其中减施10%处理下降13.86%,差异不显著,减施40%处理下降51.71%,差异显著。在氮肥不减施条件下,水稻旱作与常规淹水种植相比,产量下降2.38%,差异不显著。在旱作条件下,氮肥减施使产量降低,但减施10%和20%处理仅分别下降0.35%和1.05%,差异不显著。研究表明,水稻旱作处理的经济收益均大于常规淹水种植,在旱作条件下,与常规施氮量相比,减施10%可以获得较好的产量和经济收益。

To explore the effect of reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer on rice growth and economy profitsunder dry farming conditions,takingrice variety Meixiangzhan as materials,five treatments wereconducted to study the effects of different water conditions and reduced nitrogen application on rice plant height,leaf area,tiller number,yield,etc.The experiment treatments included:flooded nitrogen application(216 kg·hm^(−2),CK),dry nitrogen application(216 kg·hm^(−2),H0),dry farming reduces nitrogen by 10%(194.4 kg·hm^(−2),H10),dry farming reduces nitrogen by 20%(172.8 kg·hm^(−2),H20)and dry farming reduces nitrogen by 40%(129.6 kg·hm^(−2),H40).The results showed that,compared with dry farming conditions and flooding conditions,the reduction in rice plant height was not significant.Under dry farming conditions,the height of rice plants decreased with the increase of the reduced amount of nitrogen fertilizer.10%reduction was the least reduction with 2.70%reduction,the difference was not significant.40%reduction in fertilization reduced the most with 19.92%reduction,and the difference was significant.The reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the expansion of leaf area.With the increase of the reduced amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the leaf area decreased.Among them,10%reduction in fertilization reduced by 8.98%,the difference was not significant,and 40%reduction in fertilization was reduced by 30.32%,which was a significant difference.The reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced the number of tillers,and the more reduced application,the greater the reduction of tillers.Among them,10%reduction in fertilization reduced by 13.86%,the difference was not significant,and 40%reduction in fertilization reduced by 51.71%,the difference was significant.The yield of rice dry farming was reduced by 2.38%compared with conventional flooded cultivation,and the reduction was not significant.Under dry farming conditions,the reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the yield,but the reduced application of 10%and 20%only reduced 0.35%and 1.05%,and the impact was not significant.The results of the study show that the economy profits of rice dry farming are greater than conventional flooding.Under dry farming conditions,compared with conventional nitrogen application,10%reduction in nitrogen application can obtain better yields and economy profits.