基于遥感的大兴安岭小扬气镇用地类型变化及生态环境状况评价

Landuse types change and ecological environment assessment of Xiaoyangqi district of Daxing’an Mountains based on remote sensing

大兴安岭小扬气镇位于大兴安岭南部,属大小兴安岭森林生态功能区,森林覆盖率高,湿地资源丰富,曾是木材生产基地。为掌握小扬气镇用地类型现状及其变化,开展生态状况评价,利用多源卫星遥感数据,通过多尺度图像分割、决策树及目视解译等方法分别对该区1985年、1998年、2008年和2018年土地利用类型进行提取,计算生态环境状况指数(IE),评价生态环境状况。结果表明小扬气镇土地利用类型以林地、沼泽、水域为主,三者占研究区总面积的97%以上;沼泽草地主要由阔叶林转化而来,耕地主要由阔叶林、沼泽草地转化而来,草地主要转化为阔叶林、沼泽草地,阔叶林与沼泽草地之间的相互转化最为剧烈;新增工矿仓储用地主要占用了原有阔叶林土地,新增住宅用地主要占用了原有的沼泽草地、阔叶林、森林沼泽等。总体来看,区内生态环境状况良好,在维护生态安全、促进当地绿色经济发展中起到了重要作用。

The Xiaoyangqi district is located in southern Daxing’an Mountains,and belongs to Daxing’an Mountains forest ecological function district,with the high forest coverage and rich wetland resource,which used to be timber production base.In order to master the situation and change of landuse types and evaluate the ecolo-gical environment condition,the authors used the multi-source remote sensing data,the multi-resolution segmentation technology,and decision tree and visual interpretation methods to obtain the area of differen landuse types of 1985,1998,2008 and 2018,calculate the Ecological Index(IE)and analyse ecological environmental condition.The results show that the landuse types in the study area are mainly forest,wetland and water bodies,which account for more than 97%of the total area.Swamp meadow was mainly transformed from broad-leaved forest,and agricultural land was mainly transformed from broad-leaved forest and swamp meadow.The grassland was mainly converted into broad-leaved forest and swamp meadow.And the transformation between broad-leaf forest and swamp meadow is the strongest.The new-added human facilities occur on the original broad-leaf forest and swamp meadow areas.In general,ecological condition remains favorable,and plays an important role in ecological security and developing green economy.