我国网购进口食品安全监管的难题与应对

Regulation of Online Imported Food Safety in China:Dilemma and Solution

随着跨境电商的兴起和国内食品市场的消费升级,我国消费者越来越青睐于网购进口食品。与此同时,与之相关的食品安全风险问题也开始受到监管部门和研究者的关注。归纳了现行的进口管理制度和监管实践,通过聚焦跨境电商零售和网购直邮两大模式,总结出网购进口食品的安全监管漏洞和可能风险,分析海关部门在食品安全监管工作中面临的主要难题,并尝试提出应对之策。根据监管部门的公开数据,分析了我国进口食品的形势。通过分析现有的政策规定和网购食品进口的特点、趋势,发现海关部门对网购进口食品进行安全监管时会面临一些难题,如鼓励跨境电商零售业务发展与安全监管之间存在矛盾,直邮进口模式的便利化安排会导致食品安全监管出现盲区,网购进口食品溯源难直接制约全链条监管,以及海量进口规模与有限监管资源存在尖锐矛盾。为有效解决这些监管难题,应着力构建网购进口食品安全的多元主体协同治理体系,包括消费者应理性海淘洋食品,平台经营者需进行全过程治理,电商应落实食品安全主体责任,一线监管须依靠智慧化提升工作效率,海关总署则应积极推动国际合作。

With the rise of cross-border e-commerce and the upgrading of consumption in the domestic food market,Chinese consumers are increasingly interested in purchasing imported food online.At the same time,the related food safety risk issues have also started to attract the attention of regulatory authorities and researchers.This paper presents the current import management system and regulatory practices,and by focusing on the two major modes of cross-border e-commerce retail and online direct mail,it summarizes the safety regulatory loopholes and possible risks of online food imports,analyzes the main confusions faced by the customs department in food safety regulation,and tries to propose corresponding countermeasures.This paper analyzes the situation of imported food in China based on the public data from the regulatory authorities.After analyzing the existing policy regulations and the characteristics and trends of online food imports,the authors find that the customs department will face some confusions in the safety regulation of online food imports,for example,there exists a contradiction between encouraging the development of cross-border e-commerce retail business and safety regulation,the convenience arrangement of direct mail import mode will lead to blind spots in food safety regulation,the difficulty of traceability of online food imports directly restricts the whole chain regulation,and there is a sharp contradiction between the massive scale of imports and limited regulatory resources.The authors point out that in order to effectively address these regulatory challenges,efforts should be made to establish a multi-organizer collaborative governance system for online food safety,including consumers'rationality in purchasing overseas food,the need for platform operators to carry out the whole process of governance,the need for e-commerce companies to implement the main responsibility for food safety,the need for front-line regulation to rely on intelligence to improve efficiency,and the need for the General Administration of Customs to actively promote international cooperation.