城乡融合发展中的人口流动类型、动力机制及政策启示

Type,Dynamic Mechanism and Policy Enlightenment of Population Mobility in Urban-rural Integration Development

城乡要素尤其是人口要素的双向自由流动是城乡融合发展的重要前提。从个体行动者的视角来看,“离乡者、返乡者、下乡者”三类构成了现阶段我国城乡人口交流的总体面貌。流动个体在城乡推拉力对比以及中间障碍等因素的共同作用下做出迁移选择。由于人口迁移配套制度的系统性缺陷以及二元结构粘滞力的存在,造成了我国城乡人口流动中困境与机遇共存的局面。只有切实扭转城乡间不合理的推拉力反差,消除人口合理流动的政策性障碍,城乡间互益性的人口交流才能进一步强化,更高水平的城乡融合发展才能实现。

Two-way free flow of urban and rural elements,especially population elements,is an important prerequisite for urban-rural integration development.From the perspective of individual actors,"those villagers who leave and return home,and those urbanites who go to the countryside"constitute the overall features of urban-rural population exchange in China at present.Floating individuals make migration choices under the combined consideration of push-pull force between urban and rural areas and intermediate obstacles.Due to the systematic defects of migration supporting system and the existence of viscous force of dual structure,the dilemma and opportunity coexist in the population migration in China.Only by truly reversing the unreasonable push-pull contrast between urban and rural areas and eliminating,can the policy obstacles of rational population flow and the mutually beneficial population exchange between urban and rural areas be further strengthened and a higher level of urban-rural integration development be realized.