俄语动词假定式的语用研究

A Pragmatic Study of the Subjunctive Mood of Russian Verbs

假定式是俄语动词式范畴的重要组成部分,在言语交际中不仅可以表达范畴意义,而且在特定语境中还可以表达非范畴意义,描写现实行为。语料分析表明,在交际情境中,用于范畴意义的假定式可以表达说话人赋予语句的假设意义、愿望意义和祈使意义等。用于非范畴意义时,假定式在独立结构中不仅可以表达丰富的主观情态意义,而且一些动词的假定式形式还可以用于施为结构,构成不同类型的言语行为;同时,在概括-让步从句中,假定式可以描述惯常情境,指称一类现实行为。对言语交际中的假定式进行语用分析,是对俄语动词式范畴研究视角的拓展,有利于促进俄语语法和语用的交叉研究。

The subjunctive mood is an important part of the mood category of Russian verbs,which can not only express the categorical meaning,but also express the non-categorical meaning and describe realistic behaviour in specific situations during verbal communication.The analysis shows that in communicative situations,the subjunctive mood can be used in categorical meaning to express hypothetical,desiderative and imperative meanings of statements.When used in non-categorical meaning,the subjunctive mood can express a rich variety of subjective modal meanings in independent constructions,and the subjunctive mood forms of some verbs can constitute different types of speech acts in performative constructions.At the same time,in the generalized-concessive clauses,the subjunctive mood can describe habitual situations and refer to a class of realistic behaviour.The pragmatic analysis of the subjunctive mood in verbal communication is an extension of the research perspective of the mood category of Russian verbs,and it contributes to the cross-over study of Russian grammar and pragmatics.