量子计算与密码分析专栏序言

Preface of Special Column on Quantum Computing and Cryptanalysis

相较经典计算理论,量子计算是一种全新的计算模式,是一项可能对传统技术体系产生冲击、进行重构的重大颠覆性技术创新.量子计算在大整数分解、离散对数计算、密钥穷搜索等多个计算问题上展现出了显著优势,一旦成规模的通用量子计算机问世,将对一些密码体制构成严重的威胁.这使得在量子计算模型下研究密码体制的安全性成为学术界、工业界、标准化组织和各国政府机构高度关注的重要领域.实际上,美国国家技术与标准研究院(NIST)早在2016年就正式发布了征集抗量子攻击公钥密码的公开邀请,为向后量子密码迁移做出准备.在我国,量子科技也已上升为国家战略.“十四五”期间,我国将在量子信息领域实施一批科技重大项目.

Compared with the theory of classical computation,quantum computation is a brand-new com-puting paradigm,which brings a major influential technological innovation that may have an impact on and reconstruct the traditional computing technology.Quantum computing has shown significant advantages in many computation problems such as large integer factorization,discrete logarithm,and exhaustive key search.Once a large-scale general-purpose quantum computer is made available,it will pose a serious of security threats to certain cryptosystems.