潜水初学者对公开水域心理恐惧感特征研究

Study on the Psychological Fear of Beginners in Open Water

为探讨公开水域恐惧感对潜水初学者的影响,本文从主观体现、躯体症状、回避行为和恐惧思维四个维度编制出了《潜水初学者对公开水域恐惧感研究量表》,以352名潜水初学者为调查对象,从性别、文化程度、职业状态和独生子女四个变量角度切入,根据调查结果采用数理统计法、结构方程模型和AMOS软件等进行分析。研究得出以下结论:(1)潜水初学者对公开水域恐惧感问卷具有良好的信度和效度。(2)潜水初学者对公开水域恐惧感问卷由四个维度构成:主观体现、躯体症状、回避行为、恐惧思维。(3)不同性别潜水初学者对公开水域恐惧感的主观体现和躯体症状没有明显差异,但在回避行为和恐惧思维上有显著差异。(4)文化程度低的潜水初学者对公开水域恐惧感高于文化程度高的潜水初学者。(5)不同职业状态的潜水初学者对公开水域恐惧感在四个维度上均存在差异。(6)独生子女潜水初学者对公开水域恐惧感在主观体现上与非独生子女潜水初学者不存在明显差异而在其余三个维度中存在差异。

Fear to explore open water influence on diving beginners,this article from the subjective expression,body symptoms,avoidance behavior and fear compiled out of the four dimensions of thinking"the diving beginners fear research scale of open water,and 352 diving beginners as investigation object,from the state of gender,culture degree,occupation and the one-child four variable Angle,The results were analyzed by mathematical statistics,structural equation model and AMOS software.The results are as follows:(1)beginners'fear of open water questionnaire has good reliability and validity.(2)The questionnaire for beginners'fear of open water is composed of four dimensions:subjective embodiment,somatic symptoms,avoidance behavior and fear thinking.(3)There was no significant difference in the subjective manifestation and physical symptoms of fear in open water between different genders,but there were significant differences in avoidance behavior and fear thinking.(4)The fear of open water for beginners with low level of education is higher than that for beginners with high level of education.(5)Novice divers of different professional status have different fear of open water in four dimensions.(6)There is no significant difference in subjective expression of fear of open water between only child divers and non-only child divers,but there are differences in the other three dimensions.