船舶无人化趋势下AI航行系统的责任探析

Analysis on the liability of AI navigation system under the trend of unmanned ships

近年来,科技和产业经历了深刻的变革。船舶无人化趋势下AI智能航行系统越来越广泛地投入使用,给传统的航行责任带来了影响。通过产品责任的构成要件分析,人工智能航行系统可归属于产品。新型航运科技公司、人工智能航行系统提供商因产品缺陷造成损害,应当承担产品责任。此种情形下,因AI航行系统故障引发的责任涉及承运人运输责任(合同责任)、产品缺陷责任、产品瑕疵责任、产品合同责任、侵权责任等多种责任,生产者、销售者、船东、承运人、远程运营商等多个责任主体牵涉其中,免责抗辩和责任分配将比传统航行责任更为复杂。

In recent years,technology and industry have undergone profound changes.Under the trend of unmanned ships,AI navigation systems are being used more and more widely,which brings influence to the traditional navigation liability.Through the analysis of constitutive requirements of product liability,AI navigation systems can be considered as“products”.The new shipping technology companies and AI navigation systems providers should bear the product liability for the damage caused by the product defects.In this regard,the liability caused by the AI navigation system failure involves the carrier’s transportation liability(contract liability),product defect liability,product flaw guarantee liability,product contract liability,and tort liability,involving producers,sellers,shipowners,carriers,remote operators,and other responsible entities.The exemptions and limits of liability will be more complex than that of traditional navigation liability.