“教练员-运动员”关系与青少年运动员心理疲劳关系的重构——心理坚韧与运动投入的链式中介作用

Reconstruction of the relationship between coach-athlete relationship and adolescent athlete burnout:Chain mediating effects of mental toughness and athlete engagement

为考察“教练员-运动员”关系(CAR)对青少年运动员心理疲劳的影响及其作用机制,采用CAR问卷、运动心理坚韧性问卷、运动员投入问卷、运动员心理疲劳问卷对753名青少年运动员进行调查。研究发现:(1)CAR能显著负向预测青少年运动员心理疲劳,即CAR对青少年运动员心理疲劳有抑制作用。(2)CAR既可直接影响青少年运动员心理疲劳也可通过心理坚韧和运动投入的中介作用间接影响青少年运动员心理疲劳,具体为:①直接作用,CAR→心理疲劳;②中介作用,CAR→心理坚韧→心理疲劳;③中介作用,CAR→运动投入→心理疲劳;④链式中介作用,CAR→心理坚韧→运动投入→心理疲劳。研究构建的中介效应模型可对青少年运动员心理疲劳的预防和缓解提供参改,未来可通过改善CAR,提高青少年运动员心理坚韧和运动投入水平,进而缓解青少年运动员心理疲劳。

In order to explore the effect of CAR on adolescent athlete burnout and the mechanism,753 Chinese adolescent athletes were recruited to complete Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire,Athlete Burnout Questionnaire,Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire,Athlete Engagement Questionnaire.The results show that:1)CAR can negatively predict adolescent athlete burnout,which means that CAR can play inhibiting effect on adolescent athlete burnout.2)CAR can affect adolescent athlete burnout not only through direct effect,but also through the mediating effects of mental toughness and athlete engagement.Specifically,there are four paths,namely through direct effect,through the mediating effect of mental toughness,through the mediating effect of athlete engagement,and through the chain mediating effects of mental toughness and athlete engagement.The mediating effect model in this study has important reference value for the prevention and treatment of adolescent athlete burnout.In the future,we can prove mental toughness and athlete engagement by enhancing the quality of CAR.As a result,adolescent athlete burnout may be relieved.