自然疫源地治理:生物安全治理的关键环节及其法治逻辑

Governance of natural foci: the key link of biosafety governance and its rule of law logic

自然疫源地作为自然疫源性疾病的源头和温床,攸关人民的生命健康、生态系统的正常状态以及生物的正常生存。基于这一地位,自然疫源地治理成为生物安全治理的关键所在。因应生物安全治理的总体要求和基本原则,自然疫源地的治理逻辑呈现出科学理性、规则理性和社会理性三重维度。自然疫源地治理欲取得良好效果,首要工作就是理顺前述治理逻辑。然而,疫情频发的现实说明,该治理逻辑之通畅尚面临实质和形式双重困境。法治是治国理政的基本方式。因此,在全面维护生物安全的新时代,用法治思维和法治方式对自然疫源地治理体系予以重塑,是纾解治理逻辑内在抵牾、提升自然疫源地治理能力的必然选择。而就改革进路而言,则主要包括矫正立法理念、重塑治理主体、完善治理机制、调适治理目标这几个方面。

Natural foci, as the source and hotbed of natural foci disease, is critical to people’s life and health, the normal state of ecosystems, and the normal survival of organisms. Based on this status, the governance of natural foci has become the key to biosafety governance. In response to the overall requirements and basic principles of biosafety governance, the governance logic of natural foci shows three dimensions: scientific rationality, rule rationality, and social rationality. To achieve good results in the governance of natural foci, the first task is to straighten out the governance logic. However, the reality of frequent epidemics shows that the smoothness of the governance logic of natural foci is still facing the substantial and formal dilemma. The rule of law is the basic path of governing the country. Therefore, in the new era of comprehensive maintenance of biosafety, reshaping the governance system of natural foci with the rule of law thinking and method, is an inevitable choice for relieving the internal conflicts of governance logic and improving governance capabilities. As far as the reform approach is concerned, it mainly includes correcting legislative ideas, reshaping governance bodies, improving governance mechanisms, and adjusting governance objectives.