教育外部性对劳动者收入影响几何?——基于CFPS微观数据的实证研究

How Does the Education Externality Affect the Income of Labor?——Empirical Research Based on CFPS Micro Data

利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2012、2014和2016年数据,基于分位回归和断点回归,对教育外部性的收入效应进行实证研究。有如下四个主要发现:第一,我国教育外部性的收入效应约为1.5%,即平均每年劳动力收入水平会由于教育外部性而提高约1.5%,考虑城市预期人均受教育水平后,收入效应提高至2.03%。第二,我国教育外部性的收入效应存在明显的收入阶层差异,其总体上随收入水平上升而逐渐增加,而且低收入阶层与其他收入阶层间差距明显。第三,高等教育外部性的收入效应呈现较为明显的倒"U"特征,最低收入阶层和最高收入阶层的高等教育外部性相对较低,中高收入阶层的高等教育正回报率最为显著。第四,1999年以来高校扩张政策的实施确实强化了教育外部性的收入效应。

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2012,2014 and 2016,this paper empirically analyzes the income effect of education externality based on Quantile Regression and Breakpoint Regression.The empirical results are as follows:Firstly,the income effect of education externality in China is about 1.5%,that is,the average income level of people will increase by about 1.5%due to education externality annually.Considering the expected education level per capita of the city,the income effect increases to 2.03%.Secondly,the income effect of education externality in China has obvious income class differences,which gradually increases with the increase of income level,and there is a large gap between the low-income class and other income classes.Thirdly,the income effect of higher education externality shows obvious inverted“U”feature.The education externality of lowest income class and highest income class are relatively low,while the education externality is significantfor middle-high income group.Fourthly,the University Enrollment Expansion Policy since 1999 did strengthen the income effect of education externality.