老年失能、社会支持与养老居住意愿——基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据的分析

Elderly Disability,Social Support and the Intention of Living Arrangement:Data Analysis Based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study

在人口老龄化和经济增速放缓的宏观背景下,全社会有必要思考养老服务政策如何瞄准老年人的实际照护需求,这就取决于我们对真实养老居住意愿及其影响因素的了解。通过对2018年中国老年健康调查(CLHLS)数据的分析,探讨老年失能对老年人养老居住意愿的影响及其随社会支持的变化。研究发现,随着失能程度的加重,老年人选择独居的概率会显著降低,而与子女同居住的概率显著增加,入住敬老院、养老公寓或福利院等养老机构的概率亦显著增加。另外,纳入家庭支持能力、社区支持能力与老年失能的交互项后,发现各类社会支持在老年失能对居住意愿影响中起着重要的调节作用:家庭支持能力的增强能够降低失能风险较高老年人独居的意愿;而社区服务及支持能力的增强,在增强失能老人与子女同住意愿的同时,一定程度上减轻子女的照料负担。未来针对我国失能老年群体的养老服务体系设计,需要在整合家庭及社区资源的基础上满足老年人的养老居住需求。

Under the macro background of aging population and slowing economic growth,it is necessary for the whole society to think about how to target the care needs of the elderly,which depends on our understanding of the real intention of living arrangement and its influencing factors for the elderly.By the use of data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study(CLHLS),this paper explores the impact of elderly disability on their intention of living arrangement and its possible changes with social support.The results suggest that with the aggravation of the degree of disability,the probability of the elderly choosing to live alone is significantly reduced,while the probability of living with their children is significantly increased,and the probability of living in nursing homes,or welfare institutions is also significantly increased.Moreover,when the interaction term of family support,community support and elderly disability is included in the model respectively,it shows that all kinds of social support play an important role in the influence of elderly disability on residential intention.The enhancement of family support ability can reduce the willingness of the elderly with high risk of disability to stay in nursing homes.The enhancement of community service and support ability can not only enhance the willingness of disabled elderly people to live with their children,but also reduce the burden of children’s careto some extent.In the future,the construction of the old-age service system for the disabled elderly in China needs to meet the elderly’s real residential intention on the basis of integrating family and community resources.