猪德尔塔冠状病毒检测方法的研究进展

Research progress in detection methods for Porcine deltacoronavirus

猪德尔塔冠状病毒(Porcine deltacoronavirus, PDCoV)是一种新型的肠道致病性冠状病毒,可引起哺乳仔猪呕吐、腹泻、脱水和死亡,死亡率为40%~80%。迄今为止,市场上尚无针对PDCoV病的商品化疫苗和有效的治疗药物,因此快速诊断PDCoV感染是疫情暴发之前和暴发期间实施防控措施的关键。目前,用于诊断PDCoV的方法很多,病原学检测主要包括病毒电镜形态检查、病毒分离(VI)鉴定、免疫组织化学(IHC)、RT-PCR等,血清学检测包括免疫荧光法(IFA)、病毒中和(VN)试验、荧光微球免疫分析(FMIA)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。因此,文章综述了当前PDCoV的检测方法及其主要优缺点,以期为PDCoV的早期诊断及防控提供参考。

Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV) is a new type of enteropathogenic coronavirus that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and death in suckling piglets, with a mortality rate of 40%-80%. To date, commercial vaccines and effective therapeutic drugs have not been available for PDCoV. Therefore, rapid diagnosis of PDCoV infection is a key link in implementation of prevention and control measures before and during the outbreak. At present, there are many methods for diagnosing PDCoV. Pathogenic detections mainly include virus electron microscopy morphology, virus isolation(VI) identification, immunohistochemistry(IHC), RT-PCR and so on. Serological detections include immunofluorescence(IFA), Virus neutralization(VN) assay, fluorescent microsphere immunoassay(FMIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). In order to provide reference for the early diagnosis and prevention and control of PDCoV, the current detection methods of PDCoV and their main advantages and disadvantages were reviewed.