上海智慧农业发展初探--基于对上海市农业龙头企业调查问卷的分析

Preliminary study on development of smart agriculture in Shanghai--Based on questionnaire analysis of leading agricultural enterprises

农业龙头企业是推动智慧农业发展的先行者和主力军,为考察上海智慧农业发展现状及存在的问题,根据对上海市93家农业龙头企业的抽样调查问卷,采用统计分析的方法,从农业龙头企业对智慧农业的认知、对智慧农业技术的采用情况、政府扶持与技术推广情况等方面进行调研分析,提出有助于推进上海智慧农业发展的对策建议。结果表明:龙头企业负责人对智慧农业的了解程度不高,但关注度较高。龙头企业负责人对智慧农业带来好处的认可度较高,认为政策和资金支持、技术成熟适用、规模化经营是发展智慧农业的必要条件。阻碍农业企业采用智慧农业技术的主要原因是投资成本高与收益不确定。农业龙头企业采用智慧农业技术及相关设备多在产前和产后,减少人工投入和提高生产经营效率是企业采用智慧农业技术的主要目标。自动化、智能化生产管理技术和市场信息是农业企业需求最大的技术和服务。上海在智慧农业发展中存在政策支持、发展基础、专业人才、科技支撑等方面的问题,推进上海智慧农业发展需要加强顶层设计、夯实发展基础、加快人才培养、加大科技创新支持力度。

The leading agricultural enterprises are the forerunner and main force to promote the development of smart agriculture,playing an important role in accelerating the development of smart agriculture.Based on the questionnaire data of 93 leading agricultural enterprises in Shanghai,using the method of statistical analysis,this paper studies the development of smart agriculture in Shanghai from the perspective of leading agricultural enterprises,aiming at understanding the development status and existing problems of smart agriculture in Shanghai and putting forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of smart agriculture in Shanghai.The main findings of the study are as follows:The chiefs of the leading enterprises have limited knowledge about smart agriculture but higher attention to it.The chiefs have a high recognition of the benefits brought by smart agriculture,believing that policy and financial support,mature and applicable technology,and large-scale production are the necessary conditions for the development of smart agriculture.The main reasons that hinder the adoption of smart agricultural technologies by agricultural enterprises are high investment costs and uncertain returns.The adoption of smart agricultural technology by leading agricultural enterprises is mostly in the pre-production and post-harvest stage,and reducing labor input and improving production and operation efficiency are the main goals of enterprises adopting smart agricultural technology.Automation,intelligent production management technology and market information are the most demanding technologies and services for agricultural enterprises.Problems existing in the development of smart agriculture in Shanghai are analyzed in terms of policy support,development foundation,professionals,and scientific and technological support.Countermeasures and suggestions are raised to promote the development of smart agriculture in Shanghai,which include strengthening top-level design,consolidating development foundation,accelerating training of professionals,and enhancing support for scientific and technological innovation.