我国陆地国界立法的实践演进及体系建构

The Practice Evolution and System Construction of the Land Boundary Act of China

我国陆地国界管理逐渐从政策主导到依法而治,先后经过一般立法时期(1949—1990)、分散立法时期(1991—2012)和统筹立法时期(2013—),形成了以《陆地国界法》为基础的立法体系。其中,立法目标趋向强边固防和兴边睦邻二者并重,进而统筹安全与发展;立法模式从以规范行为为主的管制型立法,迈向以规范管理机关权责配置和提供制度性保障为主的政策型立法;立法内容构造从行为规则到组织规制,通过明确中央与地方事务界分、管理部门职能配置以及社会参与机制等建立合作治理机制。《陆地国界法》结合党内法规、其他法律与国际条约等相关规定,进而构建和优化陆地国界事务的规范体系及其适用。

China's land boundary management has gradually changed from policy leading to rule by law.Through the period of general legislation(1949-1990),decentralized legislation(1991-2012)and coordinated legislation(2013-),a legislative system based on the Land Boundary Act has formed.The legislative goals tend to give equal importance to strengthening border defense and promoting good neighborliness,so as to coordinate security and development.The legislative model has changed from the regulatory legislation focusing on regulating the behavior of the subject,especially the the counterpart s behavior,to the policy legislation focusing on standardizing the allocation of power and responsibility of management organs and institutional guarantee.The focus of legislative content shifts from behavior rules to organizational regulations,especially the distinction between central and local affairs,the allocation function among management departments and puplic participation mechanism.For a better and more systematic implementation of the Land Boundary Act,it is necessary to integrate it with the relevant provisions of the Party regulations,other national laws and international treaties.