1950年英舰越境事件与中英关系

British Warship Crossing-Border Incident in 1950 and Sino-British Relations

1950年5—8月,在中国人民解放军解放广东万山群岛期间,发生英国军舰闯入万山群岛附近中国领海的海上越境事件。正值中英建交谈判陷入僵局、朝鲜战争爆发和美英对华实施贸易禁运等复杂环境,英国一度主张无害通过权和武装护航,甚至试图将该事件提交联合国安理会。然而,英国既受制于东亚局势骤然紧张和国际法理不足等因素,又不得不面对新中国成立的事实,其继续凭借炮舰外交维护在华既得特权的企图遭到新中国坚决抵制,只得重新审视中英关系。新中国既坚决反对列强侵犯中国主权,又保持克制和冷静的态度,有助于该事件的解决。围绕该事件的中英博弈亦对推动当前中英关系正常发展有着重要借鉴意义。

From May to August 1950,during the liberation of Wan Shan Islands in Guangdong Province by the Chinese People s Liberation Army,British warships broke into China's territorial waters and airspace.At a time when the Sino-British diplomatic relations negotiations were deadlocked,the Korean War broke out and the United States and Britain imposed a trade embargo on China and other complicated circumstances.At one point,Britain advocated the right of innocent passage and armed escort,and even tried to refer the incident to the UN Security Council.However,due to the sudden tension in East Asia and the lack of international jurisprudence,Britain had to face the fact of the founding of New China,and its attempt to maintain its vested privileges in China by means of gunboat diplomacy was firmly resisted by New China,so it had to re-examine the Sino-British relationship.New China not only resolutely opposes the invasion of China's sovereignty by foreign powers,but also maintains a restrained and calm attitude,which contributed to the settlement of the incident,The Sino-British game around this incident is also of great historical significance for promoting the normal development of Sino-British relations.