维吾尔族家庭体育锻炼环境支持对中小学生健康体能的影响分析

Analysis on influence of family physical exercise environmental support on health and physical fitness of Uyghur primary and middle school students

目的了解维吾尔族家庭体育锻炼环境支持对儿童和青少年自身健康体能指标的影响,为青少年有效提高体育锻炼水平和增强体质提供支持,同时也为家长更好地支持子女参与体育锻炼提供参考依据。方法 2019年3—6月采用方便抽样的方法抽取6个地区24 426名维吾尔族儿童、青少年进行健康体能指标的测试及问卷调查,并依据年龄和性别对健康体能指标进行标准化Z分,比较不同家庭体育锻炼环境下儿童和青少年健康体能的差异。结果维吾尔族儿童和青少年家庭体育锻炼环境支持率为88.75%。其中女生家庭体育锻炼环境支持率(90.67%)高于男生(87.01%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=81.21,P<0.01);城市高于乡村,高年龄段高于低年龄,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=76.09、532.49,均P<0.01)。家庭体育锻炼环境支持的男生在立定跳远、50 m跑和20 m往返跑指标方面成绩显著优于家庭体育锻炼环境不支持的学生(t=2.262、-3.096、-3.017,均P<0.05);城市学生家庭体育锻炼环境支持的学生在坐位体前屈、仰卧起坐、50 m跑、20 m往返跑等指标方面优于家庭体育锻炼环境不支持的学生(t=2.944、2.676、-2.561、-2.459,均P<0.05)。结论家庭体育锻炼环境支持对新疆儿童和青少年自身健康体能指标成绩具有积极影响,家长应进一步支持儿童和青少年进行体育锻炼。

Objective To understand the impact of family physical exercise environment support on health and physical fitness indicators in Uyghur children and adolescents,provide support for adolescents to effectively improve their physical exercise level and physical fitness,and provides reference for parents to better support their children to participate in physical exercise.Methods From March to June 2019,24 426 Uyghur children and adolescents from six regions were selected for physical fitness indicators testing and questionnaire surveys based on convenient sampling,and the standardized Z score was conducted on physical fitness indicators according to age and gender,to compare the differences in the physical fitness of children and adolescents in different home physical exercise environments. Results The rate of family physical exercise environment support for Uyghur children and adolescents was 88.75%. The rate of family physical exercise environment support in girls(90.67%) was higher than that in boys(87.01%),and the difference was statistically significant (χ^(2)=81.21,P<0.01). The rate in urban students was higher than that in rural students,while rate in high age group was higher than that in low age group,and the differences were statistically significant (χ^(2)=76.09,532.49,both P<0.01). Boys with family physical exercise environment support performed significantly better than those without family physical exercise environment support in standing long jump,50 m running,and 20 m round-trip running(t=2.262,-3.096,-3.017,all P<0.05). The urban students with family physical exercise environment support performed significantly better than those without family physical exercise environment support in sitting position Bend,sit-ups,50 m running and 20 m round-trip running(t=2.944,2.676,-2.561,-2.459,all P<0.05). Conclusion Family physical exercise environment support has a positive impact on health and physical performance indicators of Uyghur children and adolescents.Parents should further support children and adolescents in physical exercise.