平台组织内网络企业对个人信息保护的信义义务

Fiduciary Obligations of Internet Enterprises in Internet Platform Organizations to Protect Personal Information

平台组织是一种新型基本社会组织,平台组织内的个人信息保护问题本质上是网络企业与网络用户在平台组织内的关系问题。由于网络企业的强势地位以及平台组织的封闭性和变化性,直接依赖网络用户的私权利和政府公权力来保护个人信息都很难对抗网络企业。网络企业的强势地位决定了网络用户对其具有信义利益,网络企业应该承担保护网络用户个人信息的信义义务。政府主管部门承担从外部监督网络企业履行其信义义务的职责,与社会舆论监督共同形成对网络企业的综合治理。政府主管部门和网络企业共同合作排除非法的平台组织。将个人信息中的法益视为网络用户对网络企业的信义利益,避免了网络用户和政府部门由于信息失灵造成的个人信息保护的各种困境,符合网络经济动态变化特征对法律规范既要灵活又要有效的特殊要求。

Internet platform organization is a new type of primary group for human society. The issue of personal information protection in the internet platform organizations is essentially the relationships between internet enterprises and their internet users. Due to the strong position of internet enterprises and the closure and variability of internet platform organizations, it is difficult to fight against internet enterprises by directly relying on the private rights of internet users and the public power of the government to protect personal information. The strong position of internet enterprises determines that internet users have fiduciary interests for them, and internet enterprises should assume the fiduciary obligation to protect the personal information of internet users. Relevant government departments undertake the responsibility of supervising internet enterprises to fulfill their fiduciary obligations from the outside and form the comprehensive governance for internet enterprises together with the supervision of public opinions. Government authorities and internet enterprises work together to exclude illegal platform organizations. Treating the legal interests in the personal information as the fiduciary interests of internet users to internet enterprises avoids the various dilemmas in protecting personal information caused by information failure of internet users and government departments, and conforms to the special requirements of the dynamic characteristics of internet economy for legal norms to be flexible and effective.