合宪性审查中“相抵触”标准之建构

The Construction of the Standard of ‘Being Incompatible’ in the Constitutional Review

法规范层级结构理论是下位法不能抵触宪法的法理原因。但我国的实践和理论将传统层级结构理论里上位法作为下位法的效力根据变成了效力与内容的双重根据。然而,层级结构理论作为一种形式渊源理论无法提供内容相抵触的统一标准。在坚持层级结构理论确立的宪法优先地位前提下,应将"事物的本质"作为合宪性审查判断的内容标准,在宪法规范具体化和个别化两个场景中分别展开法教义学体系建构,最终提炼出这种判断标准运用的一般思维框架。

The theory of the hierarchical structure of legal norms provides the jurisprudence justification for the rule that subordinate legislation shall not contravene the Constitution. As compared to the traditional theory of the hierarchical structure which considers the superordinate legislation as the basis of the validity of the subordinate legislation, the practice and theories in China regard the superordinate legislation as the basis for both the validity and the contents of the subordinate legislation. However, the theory of hierarchical structure, as a formal source of law, is incapable of providing uniform standards for determining contradiction in contents. On the premise of persisting in the precedence of the Constitution as established by the theory of hierarchical structure, the article proposes ‘the nature of things’ to be the criteria for content review in the constitutional review, establishing the system of legal dogmatic study in two scenarios respectively, i.e., the concretization and individualization of the norms of the Constitution, and ultimately extracting the general theoretical framework for the application of such criteria.