三维地震物理模拟采集技术及其应用

3D seismic physical modeling acquisition technology and its application

地震物理模拟建立了地震理论方法研究和实际地震勘探相互联系的桥梁,是弹性波场传播规律研究和处理解释方法验证的重要手段,在油气地震勘探领域发挥了重要的理论支撑作用。由于煤田与油气在地震勘探属性上存有较大差异,且国内外在煤田地震勘探领域尚没有建设成专业的自动化地震物理模拟系统。为此,设计研制了适用于煤田地震勘探的大型专业化三维地震物理模拟系统,主要由运动和控制系统、导轨和传动系统、测量系统、采集系统构成。针对该系统的物理模拟采集问题,研发了单坐标系统高定位精度技术和双坐标系统精度统一技术,实现了测量系统的空间定位精度误差不大于7μm、双坐标系统具备统一的绝对零点坐标的超于预期的研究目标,并且通过含典型构造的煤田地震物理模拟实验,验证了系统的各项功能。

Seismic physical modeling acts as a bridge between the research on seismic theoretical methods and actual seismic exploration, which is an important means of studying the propagation law of the elastic wave field and verifying the processing and interpretation methods. It plays an important role of theoretical supporting in the field of oil & gas seismic exploration. There is a great difference between coalfield and oil & gas in seismic exploration attributes, and no professional automatic seismic physical modeling system has been built in the field of coal field seismic exploration. Therefore, a large professional 3 D seismic physical modeling system for coalfield seismic exploration is designed and developed, which is composed mainly of the motion and control system, guide rail and transmission system, measurement system and acquisition system. In view of the problem of physical modeling acquisition of the system, the high positioning accuracy technology of single coordinate system and the accuracy unification technology of double coordinate system are developed. The spatial positioning accuracy error of the measurement system is not more than 7 μm, and the absolute zero coordinates of the double coordinate system are unified, which exceeds the expected research goals. The functions of the system are verified through the coalfield seismic physical modeling experiment with typical structures.