考虑提前销售和支付方式的供应链最优订购策略研究

Study on Optimal Ordering Strategy of Supply Chain Considering Advance Sales and Payment

在由一个供应商和一个零售商组成的供应链中,受资金约束,供应商往往采取提前销售方式来缓解生产中断风险,并给出提前支付折扣率吸引零售商投资。零售商在权衡折扣与其他投资方式后,决定是否提前定金支付或提前全款支付。针对上述情况,为了解提前销售和支付方式对供应链最优订购策略的影响,依据Stackelberg定价策略构建了资金受限下供应商、零售商在中断未提前销售、中断提前销售(定金支付、全款支付)两种策略下的期望利润模型,并进行了数值分析。结果表明:在符合生产范围内,供应商为吸引零售商投资,折扣价往往低于未提前销售的批发价。但零售商处于保守状态,在全款支付下不愿过多订购产品,也不愿放弃产品折扣,往往选择定金支付策略,订购大量产品。

In a supply chain composed of one supplier and one retailer,constrained by capital,suppliers often adopt advance sales to alleviate the risk of production interruption and offer discount rate of advance payment to attract retailers to invest.After weighing the discount and other investment options,the retailer decides whether to pay the deposit or pay in full in advance.In response to the above situation,in order to understand the impact of advance sales and payment methods on the optimal ordering strategy of the supply chain,the Stackelberg pricing strategy is used to construct the expected profit model of supplier and retailer with limited capital under two strategies:interruption of non-advance sales and interruption of advance sales(deposit payment and full payment),and the numerical analysis is conducted.The analysis shows that within the scope of production,the discounted price is often lower than the wholesale price that has not been sold in advance in order to attract retailers to invest.However,conservative retailers are reluctant to order too many products under full payment,and meanwhile unwilling to give up product discounts.They often choose a deposit payment strategy and order a large number of products.