安徽江淮官话摩擦元音实验研究

A Study onFricativeVowels in Jianghuai Mandarin

江淮官话的高元音摩擦现象引人注目。学界对江淮官话中前元音的摩擦性质进行了有益探索并取得了一定程度的进展,但有关后元音的摩擦性质还有待深入研究。文章以庐江方言为例,探索江淮官话中后元音/u/、/o/的摩擦性质。声学研究表明:后元音/u/呈现摩擦倾向,/o/的样本中没有发现摩擦现象。元音/u/的共振峰结构受到了摩擦噪声的影响,在语图上表现为高频区间的乱纹,在声波信号上表现为不规则的毛刺。音系解读表明:庐江方言中元音/u/由于没有圆唇动作,其过高的F2数值容易导致与其他元音的感知混淆。因此,引入这些摩擦特征作为次要区别特征,可以增强语言感知上的区分度。

A striking property of the vowel inventory in Jianghuai Mandarin is high vowels with strong friction.But the phonetic and phonological study have been limited to front vowels.The back vowels received little attention,which was also true for Lujiang Chinese.Thus,the current research will take back vowelsofLujiang Chinese asthe focus.The acoustic study indicates that the high back vowel/u/has much higher F2 than the counterpart of Standard Chinese owing to the unrounded feature anda high F2 for/u/may lead to perceptual confusion with other back vowels.The spectrogram reveals that friction associated with the back vowel is best seen as asecondary feature associated with a vowel.Thus,the introduction of friction feature can enhance thephonological contrast.