《庄子·养生主》“知”概念新诠

A New Interpretation of the Concept“Zhi”in The Primacy of Nourishing Life

历代注家多以客观知识或主观欲望解释《庄子·养生主》中的“知”概念,均存在理论上的不完满之处。《养生主》中的“知”有三种含义:感官之知、“规始”之知、生死之知。应对这三种“知”的合理策略是“止其所不知”,即限制其在经验世界和心灵世界中的运用,因任外物天然之理、自身性命之理、生死变化之理。“为善无近名,为恶无近刑”是“养生”得以实现的保证,也关乎修养主体对“知”所无法测度和掌控的事物的消解。

The concept“Zhi”in The Primacy of Nourishing Life are always been interpreted in two different ways:objective knowledge and subjective desire.However,these two sorts of explanation are not supported by the whole system of The Primacy of Nourishing Life.It is reasonable to suggest a new interpretation of“Zhi”.The concept“Zhi”contains three meanings:knowledge from senses,knowledge about fate and knowledge about life and death.The sound strategy to cope with these three kinds of“Zhi”is to place a restriction on them.The ultimate conclusion is to pursue a middle course as one's principle.The essence of The Primacy of Nourishing Life is the unique way of treating the factors in our life which are unable for us to understand and intervene.