三国时期的水文与军事探究

Hydrology and Military in the Three Kingdoms Period

人类历史与水文关系密切,在军事上亦如此。水上作战可上溯至商或更早,但毕竟史书记载较简。得益于史家对三国时期水战记载的丰富化,可窥见这一时期水文与军事之关系。在水文与军事战略上,三国乱世下水体常是军事屏障,更是沟通要地的连接线;在水文与军事交通上,三国时期不同势力对天然水体的利用与人工水体的改造,发挥着一定作用,但二者也常存在难以解决的人地矛盾;在水文与军事作战上,由于水文的季节性特征,使一部分战争呈现季节规律,诸如水位、冰期等属性也给军事带来更多可变性,水文条件在将帅的合理运用下参与到战术中,则是人地关系的能动性。凡此种种,是在军事语境下,以三国军事事件为切入对人与水文之间相互作用的一次新探讨。

Human history is closely related to hydrology,as well as military affairs.Water warfare can be traced back to Shang Dynasty or later,but the historical records are relatively simple.Thanks to the historians'rich records of the water war in the Three Kingdoms period,we can see the relationship between hydrology and military in this period.In terms of hydrology and military strategy,the water body of the Three Kingdoms in troubled times is often a military barrier,but also a connecting line between important places.In terms of hydrology and military transportation,different forces played a certain role in the utilization of natural water bodies and the transformation of artificial water bodies during the Three Kingdoms period,but there were also contradictions between man and land that were difficult to solve.In terms of hydrology and military operations,due to the seasonal characteristics of hydrology,some wars present seasonal laws,such as water level,ice age and other attributes also bring more variability to the military.The participation of hydrological conditions in tactics under the reasonable use of generals is the initiative of man land relationship.All this is a new discussion on the interaction between human and hydrology in the context of military affairs.