在线教学的典型模式、开展现状及发展趋势

Online Teaching’s Typical Model,Current Situation and Developing Tendency

近年来,在线教育得到了快速发展,其本身形态也在不断发展演化。与学校面对面教学相比,在线教学的特殊之处在于师生异地对教学组织和教学效果带来的影响与挑战。当前在线教学大致包括三种典型模式,即基于在线课程的异步教学、基于教师直播的同步教学和基于虚拟课堂的临场教学。这三种模式在教学要素组织形态、师生交互形式、教学临场体验等方面具有各自的特征和优缺点。调查发现:大多数学生对在线教学的效果是可以接受的,甚至有相当一部分学生是给予充分肯定的;通过提升教师魅力、增加课堂互动、解决网络技术问题等措施可以进一步提高当前在线教学体验和效果;同时,当让学生自主选择在线教学还是面对面教学时,大多数学生仍然会选择面对面教学,究其原因主要是当前在线教学在社会临场体验方面还不能很好满足教学需求。文末,结合三种模式的优缺点和调查分析结果,探讨了每种模式的未来发展趋势。

In recent years,online education has got rapid development,and its pattern is gradually developing and evolving.Compared to face-to-face teaching in schools,the special point of online teaching lies in the influence and challenge brought by off-site of teachers and students to teaching organization and teaching effect.At present,online teaching contains three typical models in general,namely,asynchronous teaching based on online courses,synchronous teaching based on teachers’live broadcast,and on-the-spot teaching based on virtual classroom.These three models have their own characteristics and merits and demerits in the aspects like microstructure of teaching elements,teacher-student interactive forms,and teaching presence experience.The investigation has found most of the students can accept the effect of online teaching,even a fair proportion of students have given fully recognition;through measures like improving teachers’charm,increasing classroom interaction and solving network technical problems,online teaching experience and effect can be further improved;meanwhile,when students are asked to choose online teaching or face-to-face teaching autonomously,most of the students will still choose to conduct face-to-face teaching in schools.The reason is mainly that the present online teaching cannot fully satisfy teaching needs in the aspect of social presence experience.In the last part of this paper,combined with three model’s merits and demerits and the results of investigation and analysis,the author has discussed the future development tendency of each model.