施工工人不安全行为传播模型与干预效果分析

Analysis on propagation model and intervention effects of unsafe behaviors of construction workers

为更有针对性地干预施工现场工人的不安全行为,以SIR模型为基本原型,构建适用于施工工人不安全行为的传播模型(SIR-C),探究不安全行为的传播特征与干预效果;设计问卷,分析安全教育、惩罚措施、关键人物以及工作任务的不方便程度对传播各阶段的影响,并模拟不同的干预情况。研究结果表明:SIR-C能客观反映工人不安全行为的传播;在行为传播过程的效仿、恢复、遗忘3个阶段的干预中,起关键作用的因素分别是关键人物、安全教育和任务的不方便程度;不同类型的不安全行为具有不同的干预效果,有意不安全行为的干预效果更明显;对单一阶段的干预,恢复阶段干预的效果较明显;并且组合干预效果比单一干预效果更好。

In order to intervene unsafe behaviors of workers in construction sites more pertinently,with SIR(Susceptible-Infected-Recovered)as basic prototype,a propagation model(SIR-C)suitable for workers'unsafe behaviors was established to explore communication characteristics of these behaviors and intervention effects.Then,a questionnaire was designed,and impacts of safety education,punitive measures,key figures and inconvenience of work tasks on behavior spreading at each stage were analyzed,and different intervention situations were simulated.The results show that SIR-C model can objectively reflect spreading of unsafe behaviors.In the three stages of imitating,recovering,and forgetting of behavioral communication process,critical factors are key figures,safety education and inconvenience of work tasks.Different intervention effects will be achieved for different types of unsafe behaviors,and that for intentional unsafe behaviors are more obvious.For single stage intervention,that during the recovery phase are comparatively obvious,and moreover,combined intervention effect is better than that of single stage.