《友论》与利玛窦在南昌的“中国化”

You Lun and the Sinicization of Matteo Ricci in Nanchang

通过梳理利玛窦《友论》的版本与流传,本文认为《友论》在明清之际的重要性和流传范围,不亚于被视为天主教文献权威版本的《交友论》。这本书的诞生和流传,是利玛窦对明代较高的友伦地位、南昌兴盛的讲学和结社活动的敏感捕捉,是对晚明重视道德宣讲和以友辅仁的社会文化的主动参与。在《友论》中,利玛窦自署“太西国山人”,反映出其身份从番僧到“山人”再到儒家学者的转变,几经周折,利玛窦最终完成了“中国化”的过程,找到明末天主教扎根中国文化土壤的方式。

By combing the context of different editions of You Lun(Treatise on Friendship)written by Matteo Ricci,this article argues that You Lun in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was no less important than his authoritative version of what was considered a Catholic document—Jiaoyoulun.The birth of the essay You Lun was also Matteo Ricci’s perceptive capture of the promotion of the status of friendship in the Ming Dynasty,which was flourishing in the Nanchang academy,and about which there were frequent lectures and associated activities.You Lun was a positive response to moral admonitions and to the social and cultural background of depending on friends to develop humaneness.On the first page of You Lun,Matteo Ricci called himself“Shanren from the West”,so before becoming a Confucian scholar,Ricci’s identity experienced twists and turns.Going from a selfrecognition as a Buddhist monk to the identity of a“Shanren”was Ricci’s strategical attempt of adaptation and Sinicization to establish Catholicism in China.