曹植《送应氏》(其一)的系年反思与主题新诠

The Introspection of Chronological Account and Ambiguous Theme of See Mr.Ying off I of Cao Zhi

曹植的《送应氏》(其一)多被后代批评者视为祖饯诗歌,但因为诗中送别场景与对象疑似缺席,它并非是一首典型的祖饯诗。后代批评者之所以做此理解,是认为它与《送应氏》(其二)作于同时,而《送应氏》(其二)即是一首典型的祖饯诗。他们通过系年为诗人祖饯提供具体情境,不断加深对此诗歌主题的认同。但是,诗歌系年所蕴含的传记式批评法有将文学作品等同于作者生平经历的倾向,从而忽略了文学传统对创作的影响。若将此诗歌潜在的话题序列与相关同类汉魏诗歌的话题序列相比较可发现,此诗的主题极具张力:诗人感时伤乱,深具社会关怀,继承了汉乐府将叙事与抒情相结合的特色;同时以游子身份思归,充满个人内省,借鉴了苏李诗的结构与话题表达。

See Mr.Ying off I,composed by Cao Zhi,is categorized as a Zujian poem in general.However,for the absence of departing scene and object,it isn’t a typical Zujian poem.The reason why it is regarded as this kind of poem is that critics usually think its composing date is the same as the composing time of See Mr.Ying off II,which is an exemplary Zujian poem,and find context to deepen this interpretation by confirming when they were created.However,the chronological account of a poem indicates the thinking way of biographical criticism,which both makes works equal to the author’s experience and neglects what literary tradition has affected the composition.If we compare the potential topics sequence of this poem with the topics sequence of the same kind of poems in the Han and Wei Dynasties,we can find the theme of this poem is ambiguous.One of the potential themes is the concern for people during wars,which demonstrates a sense of social responsibility,and it develops popular songs and ballads of Han’s characteristics to combine lyricism with narration.The other theme is the wanderer’s missing for his homeland,which is full of introspection,and it learns the structure and topics from Suli Poems.