试论冯从吾对于王阳明教说的诠释

On Feng Congwu’s Interpretation of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy

晚明大儒冯从吾的学说与阳明心学的交融、互动与开新,显露出阳明心学所蕴含的思维向度与义理内容。王阳明的"个个人心有仲尼"为冯从吾树立起为学入德之根本与目标;冯从吾对于阳明心学的吸纳、转出、重构的关键,在于救正王门"无善无恶"说之弊的思考,冯从吾立足于心性本体内涵,由善与无善之辨延伸到儒佛宗旨之辨,辩驳异端以复归儒家性善之旨;冯从吾试图调和并兼取朱、王学说之长,其关键在于本体与功夫的融会,他将功夫规定为本体之用,构成以本体为主的理论架构,重整晦蚀阳明心学的玄虚支离乱象。冯从吾对王阳明教说的理解,作为晚明学者对阳明心学的融会与开新的实例,值得学界关注。

Feng Congwu is a famous Confucian in the late Ming dynasty.His theory is fraught with penetration,exchange,and interaction of Yangming’s philosophy,revealing the thinking dimensions and philosophical contents contained in Yangming’s philosophy about Xin-xue.Wang Yangming’s theory that Confucius exists in everyone’s mind was the fundamental goal of learning virtue for Feng Congwu.Based on the argument against the thesis statement"the Xin’s ontology is neither good nor evil",Feng assimilated and reconstructed Yangming’s philosophy about Xin-xue.In the study of Confucianism’s Xin-xing,taking the dispute between Confucianism and Buddhism,Feng put forward a further criticizing heterodoxy and returned to Confucianism’s theory of original goodness of human nature.Feng Congwu tried to reconcile and combine the strengths of Zhu and Wang theories.The key lies in the integration of ontology and Kung Fu.He defined Kung Fu as the use of ontology,forming an ontology-based theoretical framework,and reorganizing the mystery that eroded Yangming’s philosophy about Xin-xue.Feng Congwu’s understanding of Wang Yangming’s philosophy,as an example of integration and creation of Yangming’s Xin-xue of scholars in the late Ming Dynasty,deserves the attention of academic circles.