《马拉喀什条约》规范解析及其实施建议——写在我国批准该条约之际

Analysis of the Provisions of the Marrakesh Treaty and Proposals for Its Implementation——Written at the Moment of Its Ratification

《马拉喀什条约》的核心条款包括强制性规范、指导性规范和授权性规范三种类型。强制性规范规定了缔约方应提供适用于盲人等阅读障碍者的版权限制或例外、允许作品无障碍格式版跨境流通以及提供禁止规避版权技术措施的例外等条约义务;指导性规范指明了实施条约义务“安全模式”,也是实施捷径;授权性规范为缔约方结合各自实际保障残障人士阅读,保留了极大灵活性。我国已于近日批准该条约,结合立法基础和保障阅读障碍者的实践,应优先选择通过单行立法,并以直接援引指导性规范为主的方式系统实施条约义务;同时谨慎采纳授权性规范,从而以条约义务国内转化的确定性确保残障人士阅读保障实效。

The core provisions of the Marrakesh Treaty include three types of rules:mandatory,directive and enabling rules.Mandatory provisions require parties to provide for treaty obligations such as copyright limitations or exceptions applicable to persons with print disabilities such as the blind,allowing for the cross-border circulation of works in accessible formats,and providing exceptions to the prohibition on circumvention of technical measures of copyright;guiding norms indicate“safe modes”of implementation of treaty obligations,and a shortcut for the implementation of these treaty obligations;and enabling rules retain a great deal of flexibility for parties to guarantee access for persons with disabilities in accordance with their own practices.China has recently ratified this treaty.Taking into account the legislative basis and the practice of protecting persons with reading disabilities,priority should be given to the adoption of separate legislation and the systematic implementation of treaty obligations by direct reference to the directive rules;at the same time,the adoption of the enabling rules should be prudent,so as to enhance the effectiveness of the protection of reading for persons with disabilities with the certainty of the domestic translation of treaty obligations.