《现代汉语大词典》的编纂理念与学术特色

The Editorial Principles and Academic Features of the Complete Dictionary of Modern Chinese

《现代汉语大词典》是在现代语言学理论、辞书编纂理论指导下,以丰富、扎实的文献和口语语料为基础,以《现代汉语词典》为参照而编纂的一部系统记录百年现代汉语词汇面貌的大型原创性语文词典。相较于《现代汉语词典》,提出了新的编纂理念:共时性与历时性相结合,规范性与描写性相结合,学术性与实用性相结合。学术特色主要体现在4个方面:(1)收词兼顾普方、雅俗、新旧,体现规范性,增强描写性、查考性和学术性,全面呈现百年汉语词汇面貌;(2)释义提供准确的概念义之外,还尽量提供附加义、搭配义和相关的语用信息和文化信息,以使释义更详确,内涵更丰富;(3)配例丰富多样;(4)收录清末民国旧词语。

The Complete Dictionary of Modern Chinese is a large scale original dictionary that contains systematic collection of Chinese vocabulary over the past century.This article attempts to provide an executive introduction about this newly pub-lished dictionary with rich illustration of examples drawn from the dictionary.With reference to the earlier Modern Chinese Dictionary,the Complete Dictionary is made on the basis of rich and solid written text and oral data under the guidance of modern linguistic theory and etymology theory and the practical experience of dictionary compilation.In comparison with the Modern Chinese Dictionary,it is characterized by some new concepts:combination of synchronic and diachronic literatures,combination of standard setting and description and combination of practical and academic orientation.Its academic features are manifested in the following four dimensions:fi rst of all,to capture an all-round complete picture of centennial development of Chinese language,it contains vocabularies from both Putonghua(national modern Chinese)and dialects,formal written expres-sions and colloquial slangs,and modern and archaic usage.It features both prescriptive and descriptive standards with emphasis on the latter,providing convenience for both academic and practical purposes;second,in terms of entry explanation,apart from pursuance in accuracy of basic concept,the dictionary also endeavors to provide supplementary and periphery information,on top of that,for academic purpose,the entry explanation also includes the necessary pragmatic and cultural information with an aim to make explanation richer and more holistic;third,the exemplar illustration manifests itself in multiplication and variation;fourth,the dictionary also contains vocabulary prevalent during the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China.