基于二维分析框架的中外养老政策文本比较研究

A Comparative Study on Elderly Care Policy Texts in China and Other Countries Based on a Two-dimensional Analysis Framework

发展养老服务是应对人口老龄化的重要社会政策和措施。对比并学习借鉴国外养老政策规划的有益经验,有助于我国进一步完善积极应对人口老龄化战略。本文构建了一个包含政策工具类别、ERG理论(existence,relatedness,growth)的二维养老政策工具理论分析框架,以中国、美国、日本、加拿大四国养老政策文件作为研究样本,采用内容分析法,对样本进行分析和评价。研究发现:上述四国在政策工具的运用上以供给型和环境型为主,老年人需求满足以生存满足为主。与其他三国相比,中国养老政策应当增加需求型政策工具的规划设计和强化积极应对老龄化观念的培养,发展适合老年人使用的信息技术,建设系统和完善的养老体系,以期实现“智慧养老”的美好愿景。

The development of elderly care services is an important social policy arrangement to deal with the challenge of aging.It is inevitable for China to learn the advanced experience of the development of policy systems overseas.Taking the elderly care policy documents of China,the United States,Japan,and Canada as research objects,this research constructs a two-dimensional policy analysis framework that includes policy instrument and ERG theory(existence,relatedness,growth).The four countries are mainly supply-oriented and environmental-oriented in the use of policy tools,and the basic needs of the elderly are more supported by policies.Compared with the other three countries,we should pay more attention to demand-oriented policy tools and cultivate the concept of active aging,as well as develop age-appropriate information technology based on national conditions.Facing the status quo of aging,we should improve the construction of the elderly care system so as to realize the vision of"smart elderly care".