全民基本服务:基本理念、主要依据及其对中国的启示

Universal Basic Services:Basic Concept,Main Basis and the Implications for China

自上世纪80年代西方福利国家陷入危机以来,西方出现了一些挑战现有福利体制的政策主张,其代表之一是“全民基本收入”(Universal Basic Income,UBI)。2017年,在对UBI的质疑声中,一个更新更大胆的主张——“全民基本服务”(Universal Basic Service,UBS)登场。作为UBI的竞争者乃至替代者,UBS构想了实现人类福祉的新方案,即通过扩大免费公共服务的范围,使每个公民都能过上更充实的生活,获得更加可持续的安全、机会和参与。本文旨在系统介绍UBS的产生背景、基本内容及其理论依据,探讨UBS与人类福祉间的关系及其面临的挑战和发展前景,以期为我国的社会政策和基本公共服务均等化研究提供有益的理论参考。

Since the western welfare states fell into crisis in the 1980s,there have been some policy propositions challenging the existing welfare system in the west,one of which is the"Universal Basic Income"(UBI).In 2017,among the skeptics against the UBI,a newer and bolder proposition-"Universal Basic Service"(UBS)emerged.As a competitor and even a substitute for the UBI,the UBS has been a new scheme that helps achieve human well-being,that is,by expanding the scope of free public services,every citizen can live a fuller life and have greater access to security,opportunities and participation more sustainably.This paper aims to systematically introduce the background, basic content and theoretical basis of the UBS, and explore the relationship between the UBS and human well-being, as well as its challenges and development prospects, in order to provide a useful theoretical reference for the study of social policy and the equalization of basic public services in China.