马克思主义政治经济学视角下的农民工工资增长问题:理论与经验

Wage Growth of China’s Migrant Workers from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy:Theory and Experience

本文从劳动力再生产所内嵌的制度结构出发,讨论了1993年以来我国农民工工资增长三阶段性变化的原因。农民工的劳动力再生产过程和作为劳动力商品的劳动过程在空间上的城乡分离,是农民工工资相对低廉的制度性原因。2004—2015年农民工工资的高速增长,直接原因是农村青壮年剩余劳动力的耗尽所引起的劳动力供给不足,但工资上涨反过来又加速了农民工向城市的家庭化迁移,因而在整体上抬高了农民工的劳动力价值。然而工资增长的趋势在2015年之后并没有延续,这表明农民工的市民化进程是一个循序渐进的长期过程,需要与我国产业结构的逐步升级相适应。

This article interprets for the three-stage changes in the wage growth of migrant workers in China since 1993 from the perspective of the institutional structure which labor reproduction process is embedded in.The spatial separation between the labor reproduction process of migrant workers and the direct labor process as a labor power commodity is the institutional foundation for the relatively low wages of migrant workers.The rapid increase in wages of migrant workers from 2004 to 2015 was directly attributable to the shortage of labor supply caused by the exhaustion of surplus labor of young and middle-aged rural residents.However,rising wages in turn accelerated the migration of migrant workers’whole family.Thus the value of the labor power of migrant workers has been raised.However,the trend of wage growth has not continued after 2015,which implies that the process of urbanization of migrant workers is a gradual and long-term process that needs to be adapted to the gradual upgrading of industrial structure.