农民分家行为的差异化实践及形成机制——基于华北农村的经验调查

The Differentiation Practice and Formation Mechanism of Farmers'Household Separation Behavior:An Empirical Investigation Based on the Rural Areas of North China

对我国华北两个村庄的多子家庭进行调查,发现劳动剩余与家庭积累的差异造成了农民家庭的分家差异,形成了提前分家与延后分家的分家实践,也产生了“合作型”与“分工型”两种不同的父代子代联合家庭。在新的联合家庭形式下,“分合相依”的家庭发展弹性与农村家庭分家的主体性特征得以彰显。分家使得子代对父代的劳动剥削进一步加剧,但另一方面也增强了家庭合力,最终推动了父子两代家庭再生产目标的顺利实现。

Based on the investigation on the rural multi-child families in two villages of North China,it is found that the difference between labor surplus and family accumulation shapes the differentiated forms of household separation,which is a practice that can be done in advance or delayed,and forms two different types of parent-child joint families,which are of cooperation or labor division.In the new form of joint families,the flexibility of household separation and union and the subjectivity of rural family separation are highlighted.The separation of families further intensifies the labor exploitation of children to their fathers,but on the other hand,it also strengthens the family joint force,and finally promotes the smooth realization of the reproduction goal of the two generations.